How Egyptians built pyramids Story

Pyramids 

The pyramid is known in geometry as a stereogram with many surfaces. It is bordered by triangles representing the faces of the pyramid. It has a common head, which is the head of the pyramid. The base of the pyramid is a polygon consisting of the triangular bases of the faces. The pyramid may be triangular, quadrilateral or pentagonal. The origin is characterized by its magnitude, and consists of pharaonic pyramid of solid stones and has a quadrilateral base resulting from four triangular faces ending to the top of the pyramid common between them, and pyramids is a Sorouh pyramid shape, built by the Pharaohs to bury the kings of Egypt.

The period of construction of the pyramids began from the beginning of the era of the ancient state and continued until the end of the Ptolemaic era in the fourth century AD, and the construction of the pyramids reached a peak during the third family and continued to the era of the sixth family, and despite the passage of more than four thousand years, but the pyramids are still The kings of Egypt believed that they were chosen by the gods to be mediators between them and the people and acted accordingly, so people thought that they must keep the body of the kings intact even after their death, In this sense, the pyramids became Axis of the worship of the King after his death.

Before the appearance of the pyramids, the tombs of the kings were rectangular structures known as the mastaba, and then the mastaba evolved into a pyramidal structure built of stone and not clay. The first pyramid was the pyramid of Zoser in the cemetery of Saqqara. It reached 204 meters high and was surrounded by many From the temples and squares so that Zoser would enjoy his afterlife, and the pyramids became a place to bury the kings afterwards.

The method of building pyramids Although the Egyptian documents did not talk about the method of building pyramids, but the recent studies and accurate pyramids showed that the construction of the pyramid passed through successive stages:

Choosing the location of the pyramid 

The location of the pyramid was not easy to choose. It should be located on the bank of the West Nile River, where there is the kingdom of the dead, and the ships carrying the stones used in the construction should be anchored. The site must rise above the level of the water. Large and unlikely to carry faults may lead to cracks in the construction, and the location of the pyramid should be near the palace of the king so that the king to oversee the construction process.

Cleaning the construction site 

After success in the selection of the site is cleaned from the sand until the rock is revealed, which is the basis of building the pyramid, and then settled the rocks accurately and remove the bumps as much as possible.

Determination of the place of the base of the pyramid During this stage, offering the Eucharist to the gods to bless the building of the pyramid, where it is careful to be the four ribs of the pyramid in front of the four original areas, and to complete this determines the direction of the north accurately and then adjust the positions of the four pyramid directions by drawing a circular wall in the middle of the pyramid site , And the top of the wall to form a horizontal line is clear, and then comes a monk in the evening and before the emergence of the first star from the east draws a line from the point of appearance to the center of the circle, and then follow the bow movement drawn by the star until it reaches the west behind the wall, , From which another line of m To the center of the circle, and so on until the four directions are precisely identified.

Digging the bottom and cutting the stones At this stage begin the practical steps in the construction of the pyramid, and offer sacrifices to bless the process of construction, and start the workers to dig a corridor in the rock using balls of the stone Diorit known for its hardness, and then the walls of the four corridors are finished using chisels, and the tunnel continues to reach the depth A large piece of the burial chamber is placed in the rock and the coffin is placed in front of the roof. This is to ensure that the sarcophagus is in. The size of the coffin is too large to pass through the corridor.

In the course of digging the corridor, other groups of workers work in different tasks. For example, a group of them is responsible for writing the lists of stones needed for the construction and measuring them and then sending them to the quarries to start work. There is also a group of workers working in quarries and cutting stones for construction, Limestone, granite, diorite, basalt, and alabaster stones, where each species is located in a certain area, which is occupied by a group of workers. Each type of stone bears a sign indicating its working group.

After cutting the necessary stones, they are sent by the large vessels to the nearest place of the construction site and remain there until they are transported by another team of workers by rolling them using wooden levers and ropes. They then end up in a slippery rock, The sled is tightened by a group of men until it reaches the site of the pyramids.

The building of the upper part of the pyramid and at this stage the sides of the stones used in the building are settled and each stone is written on a stone indicating the sequence of its use and the place of its placement. A row of limestone stones is placed around the place where the foundations of the pyramid will be built, The dams, which may number as many as 120, rise. Here, the scientists stood amazed at the height of the dams and how the high parts of the pyramids could be built.

The first theory was Herodotus, who received information from a priest in Egypt. He said that the upper parts of the pyramid were built by a group of wooden machines. The stones were raised to the first stage by a wooden machine. To the second stage by another wooden mechanism, and so on, but scientists questioned the validity of this theory, as it takes time and effort if the same machine is used, but if the use of a special machine for each course requires a huge number of wood pieces to make machines.

Another important theory is the theory of the historian Diodore Sicily, which illustrates how pyramids are constructed in ascending ways, which is more logical than the Herodotus theory. It builds a graded bridge of gravel and mud, rises to the top of the pyramid and extends along a steep slope, Located on the walls of the bridge, and placed pieces of thin wood to reduce the friction and noise from the transfer of stones, the promise of completion of the transfer of stones continues this ascending road.